Prevalence:

• 1 in 30,000 births.
• More common in males than in females: 2 to 1.

Ultrasound diagnosis:

• Abdominal wall mass in the suprapubic region below a low insertion of the umbilical cord.
• Non-visible bladder with normal volume of amniotic fluid.
• Widely separated pubic bones, short and broad penis in males, hemiclitoris on either side of the bladder in females.

Associated abnormalities:

• The incidence of chromosomal abnormalities and genetic syndromes is not increased.

Investigations:

• Detailed ultrasound examination.
• Invasive testing to determine the genetic sex of the fetus.

Follow up:

• Follow-up should be standard.

Delivery:

• Place: hospital with neonatal intensive care and pediatric surgery.
• Time: 38 weeks.
• Method: induction of labor aiming for vaginal delivery.

Prognosis:

• Survival rate is >95%. Surgery aims to achieve bladder closure and urinary continence, and epispadias repair.

Recurrence:

• No increased risk of recurrence.